Abstract

Integral waterproofing technologies are commonly based on a single effect of crystalline pore blocking or molecular hydrophobic pore lining. Recent waterproofing advancement has led to the development of a dual waterproofing system that combines more than one waterproofing function. This chapter presents dual-crystallization waterproofing engineered (DCE) topical treatment that combines hygroscopic and hydrophilic crystallization with hydrophobic function. The chapter demonstrates the chemical and physical actions of DCE, water hindering mechanisms, and durability parameters. These include effects of DCE on pore size, density, permeability, water absorption, chloride ion penetration, concrete resistances to cycles of freezing and thawing, alkali−silica reactions, resistance against biological deterioration, and mechanical properties .